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Acne is the commonest of skin problem faced mostly by teenagers, though acne problem can also occur among adults. Acne is basically secretion of oil glands, sebaceous gland around hair glands. Acne is outbreak on face, neck and back. Acne problem happens in various stages. In the initially acne erupts as a small pimple on face but depending on certain factors acne problem may elevate to higher degree, acne may either die after some time or grow up further. In case the acne grows, it turns out be painful and leaves a scar behind.

Acne is a dermatological problem but it has immense psychological problems attached along with. Acne on face disfigures the face and becomes a cause of embarrassment to the person. And if the affected person is a teenager then the psychological set backs are manifold.

THE OUTBREAK

According to an estimate, in United States around 17 thousand million people are suffering from acne problems of various degrees. The after effect of acne that is most scaring part of acne problem is – permanent scar. If the acne remains for a longer time it leaves behind a scar and it is a serious skin problem.

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There are many reasons that can be attributed to causing of acne. Also there are many myths related to it. According to some research it is said that acne is a hormonal problem, a change in balance of hormone caused due to stress, menstrual cycle or pregnancy leads to acne eruptions. Some researchers contribute acne eruptions to hereditary reasons, a problem inherited from parents. In such a scenario not much can be done to stop acne from erupting all together, though this is one of the many theories floating around acne problem and has no fool proof scientific backing.

There are two things that are a pre requisite to acne problem is patience and regular care regimen.

The Root of the Problem: Acne and Sebaceous Glands

Acne is suffered by anyone, at any age. Because of the frantic scramble for treatment, most people take for granted how acne started in the first place. Many people start pointing fingers: genes, pollution, even dirty sheets. But let’s just tackle the source of the problem: the sebaceous glands.

The sebaceous glands, or oil-secreting glands, are primarily to be blamed for causing acne conditions. They are usually found at hair follicles. These tiny openings are prevalent across the skin. Only the lips’ lower part, palms, top, and bottom of the feet are not covered by these tiny openings. The parts of the body that has the densest concentration of sebaceous glands are in the chest, face, and upper neck. This is the reason why acne is more commonly found in these areas than in others.

The sebaceous glands secrete sebum, a kind of fat or oil that is naturally present in our bodies. The hair and skin stay moisturized and soft because of these fats and oils. When a person enters puberty or in his or her teenage years, these glands expand and become larger than normal. The hormones in the body dictate the amount of sebum to be produced. In the teenagers’ case, the considerable amount of hormones induces the sebaceous glands to secrete more sebum. Once a person hurdles these years, hormone levels are more regulated and the secreting activity of the glands will normalize.

Acne is not caused by sebum alone. In the medical world, they have a bacterial substance called the Propionibacterium acnes. The bacteria loves sebum so much, they live in them, thus giving rise to the acne. The high secretion of sebum can be thought of as a signal for the bacteria to go wild on the skin. A face that is overpopulated with this type of bacteria is bound to give rise to symptoms of acne very soon. It has been found that the number, or concentration, of bacteria on the skin is higher than those who have been secreting sebum more.

White blood cells go where the bacteria is. When the bacteria are there, the white blood cells begin to appear in the sebaceous glands. These cells actually cause damage to the wall of the hair follicle. Through these gaps the sebum, carrying the bacteria, falls to the deeper layer of the skin called the dermis. While inside the dermis, the bacteria can actually trigger the body’s fatty acids. This will cause more irritation to the sebaceous gland. As a result, the gland will swell, thus forming acne.

Normally, glands are filled with sebum and exfoliating skin cells. When the glands are full, they will be excreted onto the face, resulting in feeling that one’s face is oily. If all goes well, the skin stays balanced, moisturized with oil to stay healthy and strong. However, when excretion is hindered by toxins or dirt, the skin gets dry spots. The result is a whitehead or a blackhead. These usually cause acne to be serious.